Proteasomes
are protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria.
In eukaryotes, they are located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The main
function of the proteasome is to degrade
unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction
that breaks peptide bonds. Enzymes that carry out such reactions are called
proteases. Proteasomes are part of a major mechanism by which cells regulate
the concentration of particular proteins and degrade misfolded proteins.
Sunday 5 April 2015
Proprietary name ,Non-proprietary names and IUPAC names
Trade name,brand name , proprietary name are synonyms. .
Non-proprietary names are short names given to chemical or drug substances and are recognized by government agencies and other organizations.
Paracetamol and acetaminophen are non-proprietary names.
An International Nonproprietary Name (INN) ia an official non proprietary or generic name given to pharmaceutical drug ,as designated by the World Health Organization(WHO).
Acetaminophen is the name adopted in the U.S(USAN-U.S approved names) and Japan whereas,paracetamol is approved in a variety of international venues (INN,AAN,BAN etc)
The IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systemic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied chemistry.
The IUPAC books are the complete list of definitions maintained by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry commonly referred to by chemists as the Blue Book, is a collection of recommendations on organic chemical nomenclature published at irregular intervals by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
Dosage form and Formulation
Tablet,capsules,injection are different dosage forms.Depending upon the stability of the drug ,its absorption in the body etc.drug is formulated in one of these forms.
Dosage forms contain 2 components
1.Drug
2.Excipients
Example:
Crocin(500mg) Tablet contains 500mg(strenght) of drug ie Paracetamol/acetaminophen ,but when you weight the tablet its weight will be 500-600mg,this extra 100mg is because of excipients .
Formulation is not always disclosed by the company.
If you check on Benadryl cough syrup bottle you will find
EACH 5 ml contains
Diphenhydramine HCl 14.08mg
Ammonium chloride 138mg
Sodium citrate 57.03mg
Ethanol .2625ml
colours: carmoisine,sunset yellow ,FCF,Erythrosine,Caramel I.P
This can give you a rough idea about formulation .
In case of Benadryl ,Diphenhydramine HCl is the Drug and all the other substances are excipients.The quantity of excipients can be more than that of drug .
Crocin(Glaxo Smithkline) and Benadryl (Johnson & Johnson) are proprietary names(trade names) under which a manufacturer markets its product.The drug in crocin is Paracetamol/amphetamine and in Benadryl is Diphenhydramine HCl.
Tylenol also contains 500mg paracetamol .The brand name "Tylenol" is owned by McNeil Consumer Healthcare, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson.
Crocin(500mg) Tablet contains 500mg(strenght) of drug ie Paracetamol/acetaminophen ,but when you weight the tablet its weight will be 500-600mg,this extra 100mg is because of excipients .
Formulation is not always disclosed by the company.
If you check on Benadryl cough syrup bottle you will find
EACH 5 ml contains
Diphenhydramine HCl 14.08mg
Ammonium chloride 138mg
Sodium citrate 57.03mg
Ethanol .2625ml
colours: carmoisine,sunset yellow ,FCF,Erythrosine,Caramel I.P
This can give you a rough idea about formulation .
In case of Benadryl ,Diphenhydramine HCl is the Drug and all the other substances are excipients.The quantity of excipients can be more than that of drug .
Crocin(Glaxo Smithkline) and Benadryl (Johnson & Johnson) are proprietary names(trade names) under which a manufacturer markets its product.The drug in crocin is Paracetamol/amphetamine and in Benadryl is Diphenhydramine HCl.
Tylenol also contains 500mg paracetamol .The brand name "Tylenol" is owned by McNeil Consumer Healthcare, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson.
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